About the Tutorial………………………………………………………………………………………… i
Audience……………………………………………………………………………………………………. i
Prerequisites……………………………………………………………………………………………….. i
Table of Contents………………………………………………………………………………………… ii
- SQM ─ INTRODUCTION……………………………………………………………………………… 1
The Software Quality Challenge……………………………………………………………………….. 1
- SQM ─ SOFTWARE QUALITY FACTORS…………………………………………………………. 3
McCall’s Factor Model……………………………………………………………………………………………… 3
Product Operation Software Quality Factors…………………………………………………………. 3
Product Revision Quality Factors………………………………………………………………………. 4
Product Transition Software Quality Factor………………………………………………………….. 5
- SQM ─ SQA COMPONENTS………………………………………………………………………… 6
Components of SQA System……………………………………………………………………………. 7
Pre-project Software Quality Components…………………………………………………………… 8
- SQM ─ SOFTWARE QUALITY METRICS…………………………………………………………. 9
Product Quality Metrics…………………………………………………………………………………. 9
In-process Quality Metrics…………………………………………………………………………….. 10
Maintenance Quality Metrics…………………………………………………………………………. 12
- SQM ─ BASICS OF MEASUREMENT……………………………………………………………. 14
Measurement in Everyday Life……………………………………………………………………….. 14
Measurement in Software Engineering……………………………………………………………… 14
The Representational Theory of Measurement……………………………………………………. 15
- SQM ─ MEASUREMENT & MODELS…………………………………………………………… 18
- SQM ─ MEASUREMENT SCALES………………………………………………………………… 20
Nominal Scale…………………………………………………………………………………………… 20
Ordinal Scale…………………………………………………………………………………………….. 20
Interval Scale……………………………………………………………………………………………. 20
Ratio Scale………………………………………………………………………………………………. 21
Absolute Scale………………………………………………………………………………………….. 21
- SQM ─ EMPIRICAL INVESTIGATIONS………………………………………………………….. 22
Choosing an Investigation Technique……………………………………………………………….. 22
Stating the Hypothesis…………………………………………………………………………………. 23
Maintaining Control over Variables………………………………………………………………….. 23
Making the Investigation Meaningful……………………………………………………………….. 23
- SQM ─ SOFTWARE MEASUREMENT………………………………………………………….. 25
Classifying the Entities to be Examined……………………………………………………………… 25
Determining Relevant Measurement Goals………………………………………………………… 26
Identifying the Level of Maturity……………………………………………………………………… 28
- SQM ─ SOFTWARE MEASUREMENT VALIDATION………………………………………… 30
Validating the Measurement Systems……………………………………………………………….. 30
Validating the Prediction Systems……………………………………………………………………. 30
- SQM ─ SOFTWARE METRICS…………………………………………………………………….. 32
Scope of Software Metrics…………………………………………………………………………….. 32
- SQM ─ DATA MANIPULATION………………………………………………………………….. 35
What is Good Data?……………………………………………………………………………………. 35
How to Define the Data?………………………………………………………………………………. 35
How to Collect Data?…………………………………………………………………………………… 36
How to Store and Extract Data……………………………………………………………………….. 36
- SQM ─ ANALYZING SOFTWARE MEASUREMENT DATA…………………………………. 38
The Nature of Data…………………………………………………………………………………….. 38
The Purpose of the Experiment………………………………………………………………………. 38
Design Considerations…………………………………………………………………………………. 40
- SQM ─ INTERNAL PRODUCT ATTRIBUTES…………………………………………………… 41
Measuring Internal Product Attributes……………………………………………………………… 41
- SQM ─ ALBRECHT’S FUNCTION POINT METHOD…………………………………………. 44
What is a Function Point?……………………………………………………………………………… 44
Applying Albrecht’s Function Point Method………………………………………………………………………. 44
- SQM ─ MEASURING THE STRUCTURE………………………………………………………… 48
Types of Structural Measures…………………………………………………………………………. 48
Measuring Control-Flow Structure…………………………………………………………………… 48
Measuring Data-Flow Structure………………………………………………………………………. 48
Measuring Data Structure…………………………………………………………………………….. 49
- SQM ─ STANDARDS AND CERTIFICATES……………………………………………………… 50
SQA Standards………………………………………………………………………………………….. 50
ISO 9001 Certification………………………………………………………………………………….. 51
- SQM ─ SOFTWARE PROCESS ASSESSMENT…………………………………………………. 54
Software Process Maturity Assessment…………………………………………………………….. 54
Software Process Assessment Cycle…………………………………………………………………. 55
SCAMPI…………………………………………………………………………………………………… 55
- SQM ─ QUALITY ASSURANCE……………………………………………………………………. 57
Objectives of SQA Activities…………………………………………………………………………… 57
Organizing for Quality Assurance…………………………………………………………………….. 57
- SQM ─ ROLE OF MANAGEMENT IN QA………………………………………………………. 59
Top Management Responsibilities in Software Quality…………………………………………… 59
Software Quality Policy………………………………………………………………………………… 59
- SQM ─ THE SQA UNIT……………………………………………………………………………… 64
Tasks Performed by the Head of the SQA Unit…………………………………………………….. 64
Project Life Cycle SQA………………………………………………………………………………….. 65
SQA Infrastructure Operations Tasks………………………………………………………………… 66
SQA Internal Audit and Certification Tasks…………………………………………………………. 66
SQA Support Tasks……………………………………………………………………………………… 68
SQA Standards and Procedures Tasks……………………………………………………………….. 68
SQA Engineering Tasks…………………………………………………………………………………. 68
SQA Information Systems Tasks………………………………………………………………………. 69
SQA Trustees and Their Tasks………………………………………………………………………… 69
SQA Committees and Their Tasks……………………………………………………………………. 70